CARDO MARIANO

What is this ingredient? Milk Thistle Seed Oil Powder is a powdered form of the lipid fraction obtained from the seeds of Silybum marianum, the milk thistle plant. While most research has focused on silymarin—the flavonolignan complex extracted from milk thistle seeds—the seed oil itself naturally carries fatty acids (such as linoleic and oleic acids) along with minor amounts of fat‑soluble antioxidants. Silymarin-containing preparations have been studied for their hepatoprotective, antioxidant, and anti‑inflammatory actions in various liver conditions, including non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and metabolic dysfunction‑associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) [0,2,3].

Randomized controlled trials and meta‑analyses of standardized milk thistle extracts report modest improvements in liver enzymes (ALT, AST) and, in some cases, liver stiffness and histologic scores in NAFLD and related conditions, suggesting a supportive role for milk thistle constituents in liver health when used alongside lifestyle measures [0,2,3]. Although these data are primarily on silymarin rather than the isolated oil, the seed oil originates from the same hepatoprotective botanical matrix.

Why include it in this formula? With ingredients such as artichoke, turmeric, kudzu root, dandelion, citrus, green tea, and prebiotic sweet fibers, this product is clearly oriented toward liver and digestive support with an emphasis on antioxidant and metabolic balance. Within that architecture, Milk Thistle Seed Oil Powder is the foundational "hepatoprotective base" pillar. It delivers oil‑soluble components from milk thistle seeds that complement the polyphenol‑rich extracts in the rest of the blend, helping to support cell membranes in liver tissue and bile‑related processes.

While nattokinase‑type fibrinolytics are not present here, the combination of milk thistle seed oil with artichoke and dandelion (traditionally associated with bile flow), plus turmeric and green tea (studied for antioxidant and metabolic effects), creates a multi‑pathway environment in which the liver’s detoxification and fat‑handling systems are gently supported. The prebiotic fibers (inulin, sugar alcohols) further aid the gut–liver axis by supporting regularity and a healthier microbial environment, allowing Milk Thistle Seed Oil Powder to serve as the botanical anchor for this liver‑focused formula.

References

• [0] A randomized trial of silymarin for the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis
• [2] The therapeutic effect of silymarin in the treatment of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials
• [3] Silymarin decreases liver stiffness associated with gut microbiota in patients with MASLD: a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

What is this ingredient? Artichoke powder is typically derived from the leaves or aerial parts of the globe artichoke plant (Cynara scolymus or C. cardunculus). It contains a range of bioactive constituents including caffeoylquinic acids (such as chlorogenic acid and cynarin), flavonoids, and inulin‑type fibers. Standardized artichoke leaf extracts have been studied for their effects on lipid metabolism, liver function, and digestion. In adults with mild to moderate hypercholesterolemia, randomized, double‑blind, placebo‑controlled trials show that artichoke leaf extract can lead to modest but significant reductions in total and LDL‑cholesterol and, in some studies, increases in HDL‑cholesterol over 8–12 weeks [, ].

Artichoke extracts have also demonstrated benefits in functional dyspepsia, where combinations with ginger improved upper‑digestive discomfort scores versus placebo over 4 weeks, suggesting supportive effects on bile flow and fat digestion []. A pilot double‑blind randomized trial in non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease found that artichoke leaf extract improved ultrasound measures of liver size and blood markers such as ALT and AST compared with placebo, indicating a hepatoprotective potential in that context [].

Why include it in this formula? With Milk Thistle Seed Oil Powder, turmeric, kudzu root, dandelion, citrus and green tea powders, plus prebiotic sweet fibers, this product is clearly oriented toward liver and digestive support with an emphasis on antioxidant and metabolic balance. Within that architecture, artichoke powder serves as a key "bile and lipid‑metabolism" pillar. Its caffeoylquinic acids support bile secretion and fat digestion, while clinical artichoke leaf extracts have shown favorable effects on cholesterol fractions and liver enzymes in people with dyslipidemia or NAFLD [, , ].

By pairing artichoke with milk thistle (hepatocellular support), turmeric and green tea (antioxidant and metabolic modulators), and dandelion and citrus (traditional digestive allies), the formula addresses several facets of the liver–gut axis at once. The inclusion of inulin and sugar alcohols further supports the gut environment and regularity, helping the liver‑focused botanicals, including artichoke powder, operate in a more favorable metabolic and microbial setting that aligns with the product’s detox and liver‑comfort positioning.

References

• [1] Artichoke leaf extract (Cynara scolymus) reduces plasma cholesterol in otherwise healthy hypercholesterolemic adults: a randomized, double blind placebo controlled trial
• [2] Beneficial effects of artichoke leaf extract supplementation on increasing HDL-cholesterol in subjects with primary mild hypercholesterolaemia: a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial
• [3] Efficacy of artichoke leaf extract in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: A pilot double-blind randomized controlled trial

What is this ingredient? Turmeric is the bright yellow root of Curcuma longa, traditionally used as both a culinary spice and a medicinal plant. Its main polyphenol, curcumin, has been widely studied for antioxidant, anti‑inflammatory, and metabolic effects. In liver‑focused research, randomized controlled trials and meta‑analyses in people with non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) show that curcumin supplementation can meaningfully improve liver enzymes (ALT and AST), reduce hepatic fat on imaging, and favorably influence blood lipids and insulin resistance compared with placebo [0,1,3,8].

Recent placebo‑controlled studies using enhanced or phytosomal curcumin formulations report reductions in liver stiffness, steatosis grades, and markers of oxidative stress and inflammation over 8–24 weeks in NAFLD and metabolic‑associated steatotic liver disease [1,3,5,7]. Collectively, these data support turmeric’s role as a liver‑supportive botanical when used alongside diet and lifestyle measures.

Why include it in this formula? With Milk Thistle Seed Oil Powder, artichoke, kudzu root, dandelion, citrus and green tea powders, plus inulin and sugar alcohols, this product is clearly oriented toward liver and digestive support with an emphasis on antioxidant and metabolic balance. Within that architecture, turmeric is the primary "inflammation and liver‑fat" pillar. Its curcumin content helps modulate oxidative stress and inflammatory pathways in hepatocytes and can reduce liver fat content and improve liver enzymes in clinical NAFLD trials [0,1,3,5,7,8].

By pairing turmeric with milk thistle (hepatocellular support), artichoke and dandelion (bile and lipid metabolism), and polyphenol‑rich citrus and green tea, the formula targets several aspects of the gut–liver axis at once. Prebiotic fibers like inulin further support the microbiome, which interacts with curcumin’s effects on bile acids and metabolic signaling [1,3,5]. Altogether, turmeric helps ensure this milk‑thistle blend doesn’t just nourish the liver structurally, but also addresses the low‑grade inflammation and fat accumulation that commonly challenge modern livers.

References

• [0] Curcumin Lowers Serum Lipids and Uric Acid in Subjects With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial
• [1] Curcumin supplementation effect on liver enzymes in patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: a GRADE‑assessed systematic review and dose‑response meta‑analysis of randomized controlled trials
• [3] Efficacy and Safety of Phytosomal Curcumin in Non‑Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial
• [5] Curcumin for Inflammation Control in Individuals with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Metabolic Dysfunction‑Associated Steatotic Liver Disease: A Randomized Controlled Trial
• [8] The effects of curcumin on the metabolic parameters of non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease: a meta‑analysis of randomized controlled trials

What is this ingredient? Kudzuvine root generally refers to the root of kudzu (Pueraria species, commonly Pueraria lobata), a climbing legume used in East Asian traditional medicine and as a functional food. Kudzu root is rich in isoflavones such as puerarin, daidzin, and related compounds. Experimental studies show that puerarin and kudzu root extracts can favorably influence glucose and lipid metabolism in animal models of obesity and metabolic syndrome, lowering fasting glucose, insulin, triglycerides, and cholesterol, and improving insulin sensitivity and blood pressure control [0,3,10].

Puerarin also demonstrates hepatoprotective effects in models of alcoholic liver injury, where it reduces liver enzymes, hepatic triglyceride accumulation, inflammatory mediators, and histologic damage while improving alcohol‑metabolizing enzyme profiles and limiting endotoxin‑driven Kupffer cell activation [2,11]. These data suggest that kudzu root isoflavones help buffer metabolic and oxidative stress in the liver and other metabolically active tissues.

Why include it in this formula? With Milk Thistle Seed Oil Powder, artichoke, turmeric, dandelion, citrus and green tea powders, plus inulin and sugar alcohols, this product is clearly designed to support liver and digestive health with an emphasis on antioxidant and metabolic balance. Within that architecture, kudzuvine root acts as the "metabolic and hepatoprotective isoflavone" pillar. While milk thistle and artichoke focus on hepatocyte integrity and bile/lipid handling, kudzu root contributes isoflavones that have been shown to improve glucose and lipid homeostasis and protect against steatosis and alcohol‑related liver injury in experimental systems [0,2,10,11].

By modulating pathways such as AMPK activity, fatty‑acid synthesis, and inflammatory signaling, kudzu root complements turmeric and green tea on the anti‑inflammatory and antioxidant side, and dandelion and citrus on the digestive side. In the context of this liver‑focused blend, Kudzuvine Root helps address not just structural liver support, but also upstream drivers of liver load—such as dysregulated blood sugar, lipids, and alcohol‑related stress—aligning with the product’s goal of broad, gentle support for modern liver challenges.

References

• [0] Effects of puerarin on lipid accumulation and metabolism in high-fat diet-fed mice
• [2] Puerarin ameliorates experimental alcoholic liver injury by inhibition of endotoxin gut leakage, Kupffer cell activation, and endotoxin receptors expression
• [3] Chronic dietary kudzu isoflavones improve components of metabolic syndrome in stroke-prone spontaneously hypertensive rats
• [10] The Chinese Pueraria root extract (Pueraria lobata) ameliorates impaired glucose and lipid metabolism in obese mice
• [11] Puerarin improves metabolic function leading to hepatoprotective effects in chronic alcohol-induced liver injury in rats

What is this ingredient? Dandelion generally refers to Taraxacum officinale, a common wild herb used traditionally as a food and medicinal plant. Its leaves and roots contain sesquiterpene lactones, phenolic acids, flavonoids, and inulin-type fibers. Experimental and limited human data suggest several relevant actions. In a small open-label human study, an ethanolic extract of dandelion leaves increased urinary frequency and excretion ratio over a single day, indicating a mild diuretic effect in humans [0]. Preclinical studies show that dandelion extracts exert antioxidant and anti‑inflammatory effects, restoring glutathione and antioxidant enzyme activities and reducing nitric oxide production via NF‑κB modulation in immune cells [9].

In liver-focused models, dandelion root extract has demonstrated hepatoprotective effects in acute-on-chronic liver failure and ethanol-induced liver injury in rodents, lowering liver enzymes, oxidative stress markers, and inflammatory mediators while improving histology [4,5]. These findings support dandelion’s traditional use as a gentle liver and digestive support herb, although robust long-term human trials are still limited.

Why include it in this formula? With Milk Thistle Seed Oil Powder, artichoke, turmeric, kudzu root, citrus and green tea powders, plus inulin and sugar alcohols, this product is clearly oriented toward liver and digestive support with an emphasis on antioxidant, metabolic, and bile-related balance. Within that architecture, dandelion serves as the "liver–kidney–digestion bridge" herb. Its mild diuretic effect in humans [0] complements the liver-centric actions of milk thistle, artichoke, turmeric, and kudzu by supporting fluid movement and renal clearance, while its antioxidant and anti‑inflammatory properties help buffer oxidative load on hepatocytes [4,5,9].

Dandelion’s traditional association with bile flow and its demonstrated ability to reduce oxidative and inflammatory damage in liver and other tissues in experimental models [4,5,9] make it a natural fit in a comprehensive liver blend. Paired with prebiotic inulin and polyphenol-rich citrus and green tea, dandelion also contributes fiber and phytochemicals to the gut–liver axis, helping this formula address detoxification, digestion, and liver comfort in a coordinated way rather than through a single mechanism.

References

• [0] The diuretic effect in human subjects of an extract of Taraxacum officinale folium over a single day
• [4] Protective Effects of Taraxacum officinale Root Extract in Experimental Acute on Chronic Liver Failure
• [5] Lemon balm and dandelion leaf extract synergistically alleviate ethanol-induced hepatotoxicity by enhancing antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activity
• [9] Taraxacum officinale extracts inhibit LPS-induced oxidative stress and nitric oxide production via NF‑κB modulation in RAW 264.7 cells

What is this ingredient? Citrus Powder generally refers to a spray-dried concentrate made from citrus fruits such as orange, lemon, lime, or grapefruit. It typically contains natural vitamin C, flavonoids like hesperidin and naringin, small amounts of carotenoids, and citrus fibers and pectins. These compounds together provide antioxidant activity and gentle support for microcirculation and connective tissues, especially within the gut and vascular system.

Citrus bioflavonoids are known for their ability to help protect capillary integrity and to work synergistically with vitamin C in supporting collagen and blood vessel health. The fiber and pectin components contribute mild prebiotic effects and can support normal cholesterol handling and digestive comfort as part of a balanced diet.

Why include it in this formula? With Milk Thistle Seed Oil Powder, artichoke, turmeric, kudzu root, dandelion, green tea powder, and prebiotic sweet fibers (inulin, sugar alcohols), this product is clearly designed around liver and digestive support, with an emphasis on antioxidant and metabolic balance along the gut–liver axis. Within that architecture, Citrus Powder is the "flavonoid and gut–liver interface" pillar. Its vitamin C and flavonoids help protect hepatocytes and vascular endothelium from oxidative stress, and support collagen-rich structures in and around the liver and bile ducts.

The citrus pectins and fibers also complement inulin by nourishing gut bacteria and gently supporting cholesterol and bile acid metabolism, which ties directly into how the liver processes fats and detoxifies. In combination with milk thistle (hepatocellular support), artichoke and dandelion (bile and fluid balance), turmeric and kudzu (metabolic and inflammatory modulation), and green tea (polyphenol and metabolic support), Citrus Powder helps round out the formula with bright, food-based antioxidants and fibers that connect digestion, circulation, and liver comfort.

What is this ingredient? Green Tea Powder is a powdered form of green tea leaves, typically from Camellia sinensis. It concentrates green tea’s key bioactives: catechins such as epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), other polyphenols, a small amount of caffeine, and minor amino acids like L‑theanine. These catechins have well‑documented antioxidant and anti‑inflammatory properties and have been studied for their effects on body weight, metabolic health, and liver function. In patients with non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a 12‑week randomized, double‑blind trial using high‑catechin green tea showed reductions in liver fat on CT, lower ALT levels, and decreased oxidative stress markers compared with placebo [0].

A systematic review and meta‑analysis of randomized trials found that green tea or catechin supplements modestly improved liver enzymes in people with NAFLD, but not in generally healthy subjects, underscoring that benefits are most evident when liver function is already challenged [1]. Other trials demonstrate that catechin‑rich green tea beverages can reduce body fat and improve cardiometabolic risk markers, which indirectly supports liver health by easing metabolic load [3,5].

Why include it in this formula? With Milk Thistle Seed Oil Powder, artichoke, turmeric, kudzu root, dandelion, citrus powder, and prebiotic fibers, this product is clearly focused on supporting liver and digestive health through antioxidant, bile, and metabolic pathways. Within that architecture, Green Tea Powder is a central "polyphenol and metabolic" pillar. Its catechins help reduce oxidative stress in the liver and can improve liver fat and ALT in NAFLD patients, while contributing to better body‑fat and cardiometabolic profiles over time [0,1,3,5].

Green tea polyphenols work synergistically with curcumin from turmeric, tannins from amla-like fruits and citrus, and silymarin‑type compounds from milk thistle to protect hepatocytes and the vascular endothelium. Meanwhile, artichoke and dandelion support bile flow and digestion, and inulin helps the gut microbiome, which interacts closely with green tea’s metabolism. Together, Green Tea Powder helps ensure this liver blend addresses not only structural liver support but also upstream oxidative and metabolic drivers of liver stress.

References

• [0] Green tea with high-density catechins improves liver function and fat infiltration in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) patients: a double-blind placebo-controlled study
• [1] Effects of green tea or green tea catechin on liver enzymes in healthy individuals and people with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized clinical trials
• [3] Green tea beverages enriched with catechins with a galloyl moiety reduce body fat in moderately obese adults: a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial
• [5] Randomized controlled trial for an effect of catechin-enriched green tea consumption on adiponectin and cardiovascular disease risk factors